Maternal Depression - Child Course 3F - Quiz

Low-income mothers of young children experience no greater risk of depression than do mothers in other economic circumstances.

True False

In the context of parenting, depression can be defined as:

	an illness that frequently starts early in life, that may have a biological component and that produces subsubstantial disability in functioning (whether it is defined as Major Depressive Disorder or depressive symptoms)
	a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, eat, enjoy and parent.
	a condition that does not respond well to prevention and treatment, if the parent is low-income.
	all of these
	Only the first and second options above

Depression disproportionately impacts low-income parents.

True False

Research has shown correlations between race and ethnicity and depression but the exact nature of the interaction is unclear.

True False

Which of the following statements appears in this lesson?

	African American women have very high rates of depression;
	Rates among Latino women vary from high to very
	Rates in Latina adolescents are uniformly
	All of these.
	None of these.

Research suggests that . . .

	poverty is a more powerful predictor than ethnicity.
	for poor women, rates of depression are high regardless of ethnicity.
	poverty trumps race as a factor in maternal depression.
	All of the above
	Only the first and third options above

The negative effects of maternal depression on children’s health and development can start during pregnancy.

True False

Research on untreated prenatal depression finds links to poor birth outcomes, including low birthweight,
prematurity, and obstetric complications.

True False

Which of the following statements is true, according to this lesson?

	Depression in women often co-exists with other “parental adversities” and life stressors, particularly in low-income communities.
	These factors include, along with the hardships associated with not having enough money, substance abuse, domestic violence, and prior trauma.
	In the State of New Mexico, there is no correlation between substance abuse and depression in mothers of young children.
	All of these.
	Only the first and second answers above

10)

As the number of risks or stressors increased, the likelihood of BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS related to _________________ also increased.

	the number of children in the family
	aggression, anxiety and depression, and inattention and hyperactivity in the children

11)

In a study of young children being expelled from child care centers, depressed caregivers were _________________ to expel children than non-depressed caregivers.

	more likely
	no more likely
	about equally likely

12)

Research has verified that Maternal Depression is linked to demonstrable reductions in young children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social and emotional functioning.

True False

13)

In the 18-city study highlighted in this course, fathers had lower rates of major depression and anxiety disorder, but higher rates of substance abuse (including smoking, binge drinking and illicit drug use). _________________ than did the mothers.

	higher rates of major depression and anxiety disorder, and lower rates of substance abuse (including smoking, binge drinking and illicit drug use).
	lower rates of major depression and anxiety disorder, but higher rates of substance abuse (including smoking, binge drinking and illicit drug use)

14)

The rates of grandparents being depressed are comparable to those of mothers.

True False

15)

Maternal depression is responsive to

	traditional cognitive and interpersonal treatment strategies
	medication
	creating peer-to-peer support groups
	All of the above
	Only the first and second answers above

16)

The impact of depression on young children varies by

	its timing (maternal depression during infancy has a bigger impact on a child’s development than later exposure)
	the length of time it persists
	its severity
	All of the above
	Only the first and third options above

17)

Recent neuroscience is clear that the primary ingredient for healthy early brain development is the quality of the earliest relationships from a baby’s primary caregiver - most often the mother, in low income families.

True False

18)

This lesson tell us that most interventions for depression address only the adult;

	they do not address the adult as a parent.
	they do not actively include strategies to prevent or repair damage to the early parent-child relationship.
	Both of the above

19)

Some of the factors that prevent mothers from seeking treatment for depression are these:

	think how they feel is just “the way it is;” that depression comes with the reality of their life situations.
	they are very leery of the stigma involved in admitting they have a problem.
	There is great distrust of mental health agencies, including community mental health centers
	women are fearful of what admitting to depression will mean for their children. Many are reluctant to take medications because they fear what the side effects will do to their parenting (such as not being able to get their children ready for school).
	All of the above

20)

In response to these factors, researchers have successfully adapted traditional treatments to be more responsive to women by

	addressing trauma
	emphasizing the legal risks associated with not getting treatmentusing
	using outreach and strengthening the focus on educational and support approaches
	All of the above
	Only the first and third options above

21)

Research has NOT DEMONSTRATED that trusting relationships with providers - who understand their daily life and cultural realities - are key to women following through on treatment.

True False

22)

One deterrent to treatment is the concern about the use of medications as the treatment of choice in primary health care and mental health settings.

True False

23)

Low income women are NO MORE LIKELY to be given older medications than non-poor women.

True False

24)

Early childhood programs can also provide such supportive experiences for parents that they ....

	may also prevent maternal depression
	reduce the need for more formal treatment in some families
	save 60% of potential treatment costs born by the taxpayer
	All of these
	Only the first and second options above

25)

According to this lesson, efforts to address depression in the context of parenting young children involve these types of strategies:

	screening and follow-up for women, typically in ob-gyn or pediatric practices
	targeted interventions such as home-visiting and Early Head Start programs
	promoting awareness about the impact of maternal depression and what to do about it, for the general public, for low-income communities, and for early childhood and health practitioners
	tying receptivity to treatment to the approval of welfare payments
	The first three options above

26)

The 4 most common screening tools used to detect maternal depression are the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Postpartum Depression Screen (PPDS), the Rorschach inkblot test, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D).

True False

27)

Studies have found that a two-question paper-based screen, followed by a brief discussion with the mother by a pediatrician, was both feasible and effective in identifying women who needed follow-ups or referrals.

True False

28)

In fact, one of the studies examined the difference between a verbal interview and a paper form, and the paper screen was found to be _________________ the verbal interview in identifying Maternal Depression.

	just as effective as
	far more effective than
	almost as effective as

29)

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends a simple two question screen for all pregnant women, with further screening for those women whose answers indicate possible depression. Which two questions for pregnant woment are cited in this empirically validated research paper?

	Over the past two weeks, have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?
	Over the past two weeks, have you had thoughts of hurting yourself or someone else?
	Over the past two weeks, have you ever felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
	Options 1 and 2 above
	Options 1 and 3 above

30)

In terms of actual interventions once depression is identifieed, the interventions typically involve a focus on improved parent-child relationships and parenting practices.

True False

31)

Home-visiting programs, whether they are stand-alone, or a component of Early Head Start or through federally funded Healthy Start programs, represent an important, but underutilized opportunity to prevent and address maternal depression and its consequences for young children.

True False

32)

This study tells us that depressed parents participating in Early Head Start were more likely than the control group to ....

	improve their parenting practices and have more positive parent-child interactions
	use less harsh discipline practices
	have children who were less aggressive or negative when interacting with peers
	all of the above
	only the first and third options

33)

This study tells us that participation in Head Start alone, without augmentation of the program, is enough to effect changes in Maternal Depression outcomes.

True False

34)

Essential elements added to Head Start programs in order to effectively impact Maternal Depression include which features?

	Fascilitate peer-to-peer support/recovery groups for depressed women in low-income communities, frequently called Sister Circles.
	Strengthen meaningful teacher-child interactions related to emotional expression and adversity
	Focus primarily upon the mother during the first 4 months of the program, rather than the chikd
	all of the above
	options 1 and 2 above

35)

It is important to implement strategies which will ensure culturally and linguistically sensitive instructions to parents.

True False

36)

In Maternal Depression programs, it is important to ....

	promote public awareness campaigns and educational materials that show the links between early school success and addressing maternal depression
	encourage community treatment providers and local and state policy makers to work on DIFFERENT aspects in planning so that they do not confuse each other
	strengthen community capacity to address fathers as well as mothers in terms of depression
	all of the above
	only the first and third options